diff --git a/src/main.swift b/src/main.swift
index 467311d..ef8e078 100644
--- a/src/main.swift
+++ b/src/main.swift
@@ -1,5 +1,38 @@
 import Cocoa
 
+func checkSingleInstance() {
+    let myPid = ProcessInfo.processInfo.processIdentifier
+    
+    // 1. Check if another instance with bundle ID "com.soniox.voice" is already running
+    if let bundleID = Bundle.main.bundleIdentifier {
+        let runningApps = NSRunningApplication.runningApplications(withBundleIdentifier: bundleID)
+        for app in runningApps {
+            if app.processIdentifier != myPid {
+                fputs("SonioxVoice: Another instance (PID \(app.processIdentifier)) is already running. Exiting duplicate PID \(myPid).\n", stderr)
+                exit(0)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    // 2. Fallback OS-level file lock (flock) on lockfile to prevent race conditions
+    let lockPath = NSTemporaryDirectory() + "com.soniox.voice.lock"
+    let fd = open(lockPath, O_CREAT | O_RDWR, 0o666)
+    if fd >= 0 {
+        if flock(fd, LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB) != 0 {
+            fputs("SonioxVoice: Lock file \(lockPath) is locked by another process. Exiting duplicate PID \(myPid).\n", stderr)
+            exit(0)
+        }
+        ftruncate(fd, 0)
+        let pidStr = "\(myPid)\n"
+        pidStr.withCString { ptr in
+            _ = write(fd, ptr, strlen(ptr))
+        }
+        // Keep fd open for process lifetime to maintain lock
+    }
+}
+
+checkSingleInstance()
+
 let app = NSApplication.shared
 let delegate = AppDelegate()
 app.delegate = delegate